Flagship Report on Maritime Laws, Policy and Governance
A Review of Jurisdiction and Enforcement Issues at International, and National Level

International maritime law, anchored by UNCLOS and IMO, governs ocean activities but faces enforcement challenges. Pakistan’s maritime sector suffers from fragmented governance, weak policy implementation, and gaps in adopting international conventions. This study evaluates global maritime frameworks and Pakistan’s legal-institutional structure, identifying jurisdictional overlaps and coordination deficits. It analyzes federal and provincial agencies’ roles, highlighting inefficiencies in law enforcement. The research proposes policy reforms to strengthen governance, enhance inter-agency synergy, and align national laws with international standards. The findings aim to bridge gaps in maritime governance literature while offering actionable solutions for Pakistan.